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.. image:: http://media.charlesleifer.com/blog/photos/p1423749536.32.png peewee ====== Peewee is a simple and small ORM. It has few (but expressive) concepts, making it easy to learn and intuitive to use. * A small, expressive ORM * Written in python with support for versions 2.6+ and 3.2+. * built-in support for sqlite, mysql and postgresql * tons of extensions available in the `playhouse <http://docs.peewee-orm.com/en/latest/peewee/playhouse.html>`_ * `Postgresql HStore, JSON, arrays and more <http://docs.peewee-orm.com/en/latest/peewee/playhouse.html#postgres-ext>`_ * `SQLite full-text search, user-defined functions, virtual tables and more <http://docs.peewee-orm.com/en/latest/peewee/playhouse.html#sqlite-ext>`_ * `Schema migrations <http://docs.peewee-orm.com/en/latest/peewee/playhouse.html#migrate>`_ and `model code generator <http://docs.peewee-orm.com/en/latest/peewee/playhouse.html#pwiz>`_ * `Connection pool <http://docs.peewee-orm.com/en/latest/peewee/playhouse.html#pool>`_ * `Encryption <http://docs.peewee-orm.com/en/latest/peewee/playhouse.html#sqlcipher-ext>`_ * `and much, much more... <http://docs.peewee-orm.com/en/latest/peewee/playhouse.html>`_ .. image:: https://api.travis-ci.org/coleifer/peewee.png?branch=master :target: https://travis-ci.org/coleifer/peewee New to peewee? Here is a list of documents you might find most helpful when getting started: * `Quickstart guide <http://docs.peewee-orm.com/en/latest/peewee/quickstart.html#quickstart>`_ -- this guide covers all the essentials. It will take you between 5 and 10 minutes to go through it. * `Guide to the various query operators <http://docs.peewee-orm.com/en/latest/peewee/querying.html#query-operators>`_ describes how to construct queries and combine expressions. * `Field types table <http://docs.peewee-orm.com/en/latest/peewee/models.html#field-types-table>`_ lists the various field types peewee supports and the parameters they accept. For flask helpers, check out the `flask_utils extension module <http://docs.peewee-orm.com/en/latest/peewee/playhouse.html#flask-utils>`_. You can also use peewee with the popular extension `flask-admin <https://flask-admin.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_ to provide a Django-like admin interface for managing peewee models. Examples -------- Defining models is similar to Django or SQLAlchemy: .. code-block:: python from peewee import * from playhouse.sqlite_ext import SqliteExtDatabase import datetime db = SqliteExtDatabase('my_database.db') class BaseModel(Model): class Meta: database = db class User(BaseModel): username = CharField(unique=True) class Tweet(BaseModel): user = ForeignKeyField(User, related_name='tweets') message = TextField() created_date = DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now) is_published = BooleanField(default=True) Connect to the database and create tables: .. code-block:: python db.connect() db.create_tables([User, Tweet]) Create a few rows: .. code-block:: python charlie = User.create(username='charlie') huey = User(username='huey') huey.save() # No need to set `is_published` or `created_date` since they # will just use the default values we specified. Tweet.create(user=charlie, message='My first tweet') Queries are expressive and composable: .. code-block:: python # A simple query selecting a user. User.get(User.username == 'charles') # Get tweets created by one of several users. The "<<" operator # corresponds to the SQL "IN" operator. usernames = ['charlie', 'huey', 'mickey'] users = User.select().where(User.username << usernames) tweets = Tweet.select().where(Tweet.user << users) # We could accomplish the same using a JOIN: tweets = (Tweet .select() .join(User) .where(User.username << usernames)) # How many tweets were published today? tweets_today = (Tweet .select() .where( (Tweet.created_date >= datetime.date.today()) & (Tweet.is_published == True)) .count()) # Paginate the user table and show me page 3 (users 41-60). User.select().order_by(User.username).paginate(3, 20) # Order users by the number of tweets they've created: tweet_ct = fn.Count(Tweet.id) users = (User .select(User, tweet_ct.alias('ct')) .join(Tweet, JOIN.LEFT_OUTER) .group_by(User) .order_by(tweet_ct.desc())) # Do an atomic update Counter.update(count=Counter.count + 1).where( Counter.url == request.url) Check out the `example app <http://docs.peewee-orm.com/en/latest/peewee/example.html>`_ for a working Twitter-clone website written with Flask. Learning more ------------- Check the `documentation <http://docs.peewee-orm.com/>`_ for more examples. Specific question? Come hang out in the #peewee channel on irc.freenode.net, or post to the mailing list, http://groups.google.com/group/peewee-orm . If you would like to report a bug, `create a new issue <https://github.com/coleifer/peewee/issues/new>`_ on GitHub. Still want more info? --------------------- .. image:: http://media.charlesleifer.com/blog/photos/wat.jpg I've written a number of blog posts about building applications and web-services with peewee (and usually Flask). If you'd like to see some real-life applications that use peewee, the following resources may be useful: * `Building a note-taking app with Flask and Peewee <http://charlesleifer.com/blog/saturday-morning-hack-a-little-note-taking-app-with-flask/>`_ as well as `Part 2 <http://charlesleifer.com/blog/saturday-morning-hacks-revisiting-the-notes-app/>`_ and `Part 3 <http://charlesleifer.com/blog/saturday-morning-hacks-adding-full-text-search-to-the-flask-note-taking-app/>`_. * `Analytics web service built with Flask and Peewee <http://charlesleifer.com/blog/saturday-morning-hacks-building-an-analytics-app-with-flask/>`_. * `Personalized news digest (with a boolean query parser!) <http://charlesleifer.com/blog/saturday-morning-hack-personalized-news-digest-with-boolean-query-parser/>`_. * `Using peewee to explore CSV files <http://charlesleifer.com/blog/using-peewee-to-explore-csv-files/>`_. * `Structuring Flask apps with Peewee <http://charlesleifer.com/blog/structuring-flask-apps-a-how-to-for-those-coming-from-django/>`_. * `Creating a lastpass clone with Flask and Peewee <http://charlesleifer.com/blog/creating-a-personal-password-manager/>`_. * `Building a web-based encrypted file manager with Flask, peewee and S3 <http://charlesleifer.com/blog/web-based-encrypted-file-storage-using-flask-and-aws/>`_. * `Creating a bookmarking web-service that takes screenshots of your bookmarks <http://charlesleifer.com/blog/building-bookmarking-service-python-and-phantomjs/>`_. * `Building a pastebin, wiki and a bookmarking service using Flask and Peewee <http://charlesleifer.com/blog/dont-sweat-small-stuff-use-flask-blueprints/>`_. * `Encrypted databases with Python and SQLCipher <http://charlesleifer.com/blog/encrypted-sqlite-databases-with-python-and-sqlcipher/>`_. * `Dear Diary: An Encrypted, Command-Line Diary with Peewee <http://charlesleifer.com/blog/dear-diary-an-encrypted-command-line-diary-with-python/>`_. * `Query Tree Structures in SQLite using Peewee and the Transitive Closure Extension <http://charlesleifer.com/blog/querying-tree-structures-in-sqlite-using-python-and-the-transitive-closure-extension/>`_.